An Updated View of the Effect of Probiotic Supplement on Sports Performance: A Detailed Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Modulation of the host microbiota through probiotics has been shown to have beneficial effects on health in the growing body of research. Exercise increases the amount and diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the host microbiome. Although low- and moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to reduce physiological stress and improve immune function, high-intensity prolonged exercise can suppress immune function and reduce microbial diversity due to intestinal hypoperfusion. The effect of probiotic supplementation on sports performance is still being studied; however, questions remain regarding the mechanisms of action, strain used, and dose. In this review, the aim was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplements on exercise performance through modulation of gut microbiota and alleviation of GI symptoms, promotion of the immune system, bioavailability of nutrients, and aerobic metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS: Probiotic supplementation may improve sports performance by reducing the adverse effects of prolonged high-intensity exercise. Although probiotics have been reported to have positive effects on sports performance, information about the microbiome and nutrition of athletes has not been considered in most current studies. This may have limited the evaluation of the effects of probiotic supplementation on sports performance.

Association between breakfast consumption, breakfast quality, mental health and quality of life in Turkish adolescents: A high school-based cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to determine the frequency of breakfast consumption and breakfast quality among adolescents and to evaluate the relationships between breakfast consumption, breakfast quality, mental health, and health-related quality of life. This cross-sectional study included 449 students from 17 high schools between December 2022 and May 2023. A face-to-face questionnaire measuring the frequency of breakfast consumption, Mediterranean diet quality index (KIDMED), health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN), and depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-21) was performed. Of the students, 54.1% skipped breakfast 2 or more times a week and 75.9% had poor breakfast quality. There were significant differences in breakfast quality classification according to the frequency of breakfast consumption (p = 0.003). Breakfast consumption ≤1 time/week or 2-5 times/week was associated with depression, anxiety and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. No relationship was observed between breakfast quality and stress, depression or anxiety (p = 0.620, p = 0.586, p = 0.539, respectively) or between breakfast quality and the KIDSCREEN-27 subscales (p > 0.05). However, those eating poor-quality breakfasts had better results in physical wellbeing (p = 0.022), psychological wellbeing (p = 0.024), autonomy and parent relations (p = 0.017) than breakfast-skippers and also scored lower for depression, stress and anxiety (all p < 0.001). In conclusion, the frequency of breakfast consumption had a stronger association with reduced symptoms of stress, depression and anxiety, as well as improvements in all dimensions of health-related quality of life, compared to the quality of breakfast consumed. Given the association of breakfast consumption with mental health outcomes in adolescents, our findings are of great importance, especially to parents, clinicians and nutritional educators.

In vitro bioaccessibility of vitamins B1, B2, and B3 from various vegetables.

B group vitamins, except folate, are involved in at least one step of cellular energy production. Vegetables are considered essential for a healthy diet plan. Vegetables significantly affect diet quality by contributing to the adequate intake of some B group vitamins. Our results demonstrated that the level of vitamins B1, B2, and B3 in the studied vegetables was in the range of 9-85 µg/100 g, 22-319 µg/100 g, and 459-3497 µg/100 g, respectively. However, it is fundamental to investigate the bioaccessibility of all vitamins to identify primary dietary sources. We observed that the average bioaccessibility values for vitamins B1 and B2 were 68.9% and 63.9%, respectively. The bioaccessibility of the nicotinic acid form of vitamin B3 was 40%, while the nicotinamide form was 33.9%. As revealed in this research, the bioaccessibilities of vitamins B1, B2, and B3 in vegetables were generally low in vitro.

The anti-campylobacter activity of eugenol and its potential for poultry meat safety: A review.

Poultry is one of the fastest growing industries due to advantages in land use, rapid production and advances in feed technology. The rising trend in the consumption of poultry meat over the last 50 years has also increased concerns about food safety. Campylobacter jejuniis the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis, the foremost cause of foodborne deaths. Despite significant progress in food safety methology, the genusCampylobacter remains a common foodborne pathogen in poultry. Increasing consumer demands for natural products require the discovery of new antimicrobials to ensure the safety of poultry meat. Recent studies have revealed that eugenol acts with antimicrobial activity on a wide variety of foodborne microorganisms. Eugenol is generally recognized as safe and is a promising preservative for the food industry. However, specific applications of eugenol need to be identified and validated to clarify the role of the food preservative in poultry meat safety.

Antidiabetic effect of olive leaf extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in experimental animals / Efecto antidiabético del extracto de hoja de olivo sobre la diabetes mellitus inducida por estreptozotocina en animales de experimentación

INTRODUCTION: recently, a relationship between diabetic complications and oxidative stress has been emphasized. There have been some studies showing the effect of olive leaf on hyperglycemia and diabetic complications due to its antioxidant properties. In many studies the effect of olive leaf on plasma total antioxidant level has been measured by different methods. Our study represents the first time it has been measured by a new method of total thiol disulfide homeostasis. OBJECTIVE: chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications through oxidative stress mediators. Thiol is one of the most important antioxidant barriers in humans, and thiol disulfide homeostasis is a new oxidative stress marker. We aimed to investigate the effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) obtained from fresh leaves of Olea europaea, var oleaster on diabetic complications through their hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect in diabetic rats. METHODS: twenty-eight Wistar albino rats aged 12-13 weeks were used in the study. The rats were divided into a control group (C), a diabetic control group (DC), a diabetic group treated with 200 mg/kg OLE (D+200), and a diabetic group treated with 400 mg/kg OLE (D+400), having 7 rats in each group. The treatment groups received OLE by the gavage method for 21 days. At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood samples collected from the heart were centrifuged and glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) level, and thiol-disulfide homeostasis were determined. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analysis was performed on complete blood. In addition, a tail flick test and hot plate modeling were performed to indicate pain perception loss. RESULTS: it was observed that OLE had no effect on serum glucose and HbA1c levels. On the contrary, OLE reduced the levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.01), urea (p < 0.01) and hot plate latency (p < 0.01) in a significant manner. Also, OLE showed a tendency to reduce LOOH levels and to increase thiol levels in a dose-dependent manner (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: OLE supplementation for 21 days, at the amounts used, cannot protect against hyperglycemia but may be protective against hypercholesterolemia and tissue damage as caused by diabetes mellitus in rats

INTRODUCCIÓN: recientemente se ha resaltado la relación entre las complicaciones diabéticas y el estrés oxidativo. Se han realizado algunos estudios que muestran el efecto de la hoja de olivo sobre la hiperglucemia y las complicaciones diabéticas debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes. En muchos estudios, el efecto de la hoja de olivo sobre el nivel de antioxidantes totales en plasma se ha medido mediante diferentes métodos. En nuestro estudio se ha medido por primera vez mediante un nuevo método de homeostasis total de disulfuro de tiol. OBJETIVO: la exposición crónica a la hiperglucemia y la hiperlipidemia contribuye a la patogénesis de las complicaciones diabéticas a través de mediadores del estrés oxidativo. El tiol es una de las barreras antioxidantes más importantes de los seres humanos y la homeostasis del disulfuro de tiol es un nuevo marcador de estrés oxidativo. El objetivo fue0 investigar el efecto del extracto de hoja de olivo (OLE), obtenido de hojas frescas de Olea europaea var. Oleaster, sobre las complicaciones diabéticas a través del efecto hipoglucémico y antioxidante en ratas diabéticas. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron en el estudio veintiocho ratas albinas Wistar de 12-13 semanas de edad. Las ratas se agruparon en un grupo de control (C), un grupo de control diabético (DC), un grupo diabético tratado con 200 mg/kg de OLE (D+200) y un grupo diabético tratado con 400 mg/kg de OLE (D+400), teniendo 7 ratas en cada grupo. Los grupos de tratamiento recibieron OLE por el método del "gavage" durante 21 días. Al final del estudio, todas las ratas fueron sacrificadas por dislocación cervical. Las muestras de sangre recogidas del corazón se centrifugaron y se determinaron los niveles de glucosa, colesterol total, triglicéridos, urea, ácido úrico, creatinina, alanina-aminotransferasa (ALT), aspartato-aminotransferasa (AST), hidroperóxido de lípidos (LOOH) y homeostasis de tiol disulfuro. El análisis de la hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c) se realizó en sangre entera. Además, se realizaron pruebas de movimiento de la cola y modelado de placa caliente para indicar la pérdida de percepción del dolor. RESULTADOS: se observó que el OLE no tuvo efecto sobre los niveles de glucosa y HbA1c en el suero. Por el contrario, el OLE redujo los niveles de colesterol total (p < 0,01) y urea (p < 0,01), y la latencia de la placa caliente (p < 0,01) de manera significativa. Además, el OLE mostró tendencia a reducir el nivel de LOOH y a aumentar el nivel de tiol de manera dependiente de la dosis (p > 0,05). CONCLUSIÓN: la suplementación con OLE durante 21 días en las cantidades usadas no puede proteger contra la hiperglucemia pero sí puede proteger contra la hipercolesterolemia y el daño tisular causado por la diabetes mellitus en las ratas

Antidiabetic effect of olive leaf extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in experimental animals.

INTRODUCTION: Background: recently, a relationship between diabetic complications and oxidative stress has been emphasized. There have been some studies showing the effect of olive leaf on hyperglycemia and diabetic complications due to its antioxidant properties. In many studies the effect of olive leaf on plasma total antioxidant level has been measured by different methods. Our study represents the first time it has been measured by a new method of total thiol disulfide homeostasis. Aim: chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications through oxidative stress mediators. Thiol is one of the most important antioxidant barriers in humans, and thiol disulfide homeostasis is a new oxidative stress marker. We aimed to investigate the effect of olive leaf extract (OLE) obtained from fresh leaves of Olea europaea, var oleaster on diabetic complications through their hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect in diabetic rats. Methods: twenty-eight Wistar albino rats aged 12-13 weeks were used in the study. The rats were divided into a control group (C), a diabetic control group (DC), a diabetic group treated with 200 mg/kg OLE (D+200), and a diabetic group treated with 400 mg/kg OLE (D+400), having 7 rats in each group. The treatment groups received OLE by the gavage method for 21 days. At the end of the study, all rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood samples collected from the heart were centrifuged and glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, uric acid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) level, and thiol-disulfide homeostasis were determined. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analysis was performed on complete blood. In addition, a tail flick test and hot plate modeling were performed to indicate pain perception loss. Results: it was observed that OLE had no effect on serum glucose and HbA1c levels. On the contrary, OLE reduced the levels of total cholesterol (p < 0.01), urea (p < 0.01) and hot plate latency (p < 0.01) in a significant manner. Also, OLE showed a tendency to reduce LOOH levels and to increase thiol levels in a dose-dependent manner (p > 0.05). Conclusion: OLE supplementation for 21 days, at the amounts used, cannot protect against hyperglycemia but may be protective against hypercholesterolemia and tissue damage as caused by diabetes mellitus in rats.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: la exposición crónica a la hiperglucemia y la hiperlipidemia contribuye a la patogénesis de las complicaciones diabéticas a través de mediadores del estrés oxidativo. El tiol es una de las barreras antioxidantes más importantes de los seres humanos y la homeostasis del disulfuro de tiol es un nuevo marcador de estrés oxidativo. El objetivo fue0 investigar el efecto del extracto de hoja de olivo (OLE), obtenido de hojas frescas de Olea europaea var. Oleaster, sobre las complicaciones diabéticas a través del efecto hipoglucémico y antioxidante en ratas diabéticas. Métodos: se utilizaron en el estudio veintiocho ratas albinas Wistar de 12-13 semanas de edad. Las ratas se agruparon en un grupo de control (C), un grupo de control diabético (DC), un grupo diabético tratado con 200 mg/kg de OLE (D+200) y un grupo diabético tratado con 400 mg/kg de OLE (D+400), teniendo 7 ratas en cada grupo. Los grupos de tratamiento recibieron OLE por el método del "gavage" durante 21 días. Al final del estudio, todas las ratas fueron sacrificadas por dislocación cervical. Las muestras de sangre recogidas del corazón se centrifugaron y se determinaron los niveles de glucosa, colesterol total, triglicéridos, urea, ácido úrico, creatinina, alanina-aminotransferasa (ALT), aspartato-aminotransferasa (AST), hidroperóxido de lípidos (LOOH) y homeostasis de tiol disulfuro. El análisis de la hemoglobina A1c (HbA1c) se realizó en sangre entera. Además, se realizaron pruebas de movimiento de la cola y modelado de placa caliente para indicar la pérdida de percepción del dolor. Resultados: se observó que el OLE no tuvo efecto sobre los niveles de glucosa y HbA1c en el suero. Por el contrario, el OLE redujo los niveles de colesterol total (p < 0,01) y urea (p < 0,01), y la latencia de la placa caliente (p < 0,01) de manera significativa. Además, el OLE mostró tendencia a reducir el nivel de LOOH y a aumentar el nivel de tiol de manera dependiente de la dosis (p > 0,05). Conclusión: la suplementación con OLE durante 21 días en las cantidades usadas no puede proteger contra la hiperglucemia pero sí puede proteger contra la hipercolesterolemia y el daño tisular causado por la diabetes mellitus en las ratas.

Malnourishment in the overweight and obese elderly.

INTRODUCTION: Background: the prevalence of obesity in the elderly has increased in recent years. Malnutrition is a syndrome characterized by inadequate intake and absorption of nutrients. Obesity could mask the presence of malnutrition. Objective: this study aimed to determine malnutrition using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) test in obese and overweight elderly. Methods: one hundred and eighty-seven overweight or obese elderly have been taken under review and nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF). Result: there were 101 (54.3%) male and 86 (45.7%) female elderly. Body mass index (BMI) variability of the sample group was between 25.0 and 48.9. Malnourishment percentile is 49.7% for elderly people whose BMI is over 25. Conclusion: elderly individuals, especially those who are overweight or obese, are under more health threats and should be evaluated more carefully.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la prevalencia de obesidad en el anciano ha aumentado en los últimos años. La desnutrición es un cuadro que se caracteriza por una ingesta y una absorción de nutrientes insuficiente. La obesidad puede enmascarar la presencia de desnutrición. Objetivo: este estudio pretende determinar la presencia de desnutrición medida mediante el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) en ancianos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Métodos: se evaluaron 187 ancianos con sobrepeso u obesidad mediante el cuestionario corto MNA. Resultados: la muestra incluyó 101 varones (54,3%) y 86 mujeres (45,7%). El rango de índice de masa corporal (IMC) osciló entre 25,0 y 48,9. Se encontró desnutrición en el 49,7% de los ancianos con IMC > 25. Conclusiones: los ancianos con sobrepeso u obesidad están sometidos a una mayor amenaza para la salud y deberían ser evaluados cuidadosamente.

Malnourishment in the overweight and obese elderly / Desnutrición en el anciano con sobrepeso y obesidad

Background: the prevalence of obesity in the elderly has increased in recent years. Malnutrition is a syndrome characterized by inadequate intake and absorption of nutrients. Obesity could mask the presence of malnutrition. Objective: this study aimed to determine malnutrition using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) test in obese and overweight elderly. Methods: one hundred and eighty-seven overweight or obese elderly have been taken under review and nutritional status was assessed with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF). Result: there were 101 (54.3%) male and 86 (45.7%) female elderly. Body mass index (BMI) variability of the sample group was between 25.0 and 48.9. Malnourishment percentile is 49.7% for elderly people whose BMI is over 25. Conclusion: elderly individuals, especially those who are overweight or obese, are under more health threats and should be evaluated more carefully

Introducción: la prevalencia de obesidad en el anciano ha aumentado en los últimos años. La desnutrición es un cuadro que se caracteriza por una ingesta y una absorción de nutrientes insuficiente. La obesidad puede enmascarar la presencia de desnutrición. Objetivo: este estudio pretende determinar la presencia de desnutrición medida mediante el Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) en ancianos con sobrepeso u obesidad. Métodos: se evaluaron 187 ancianos con sobrepeso u obesidad mediente el cuestionario corto MNA Resultados: la muestra incluyó 101 varones (54,3%) y 86 mujeres (45,7%). El rango de índice de masa corporal (IMC) osciló entre 25,0 y 48,9. Se encontró desnutrición en el 49,7% de los ancianos con IMC > 25. Conclusiones: los ancianos con sobrepeso u obesidad están sometidos a una mayor amenaza para la salud y deberían ser evaluados cuidadosamente

Oxidative stress status in familial Mediterranean fever with or without proteinuria.

Although several studies have indicated oxidative system abnormalities in patients with familial Mediterranean fever, it is still obscure whether proteinuria seen in this disease has an effect on the oxidative system. In the present study, oxidative system changes were investigated in familial Mediterranean fever with or without proteinuria. Plasma malondialdehyde levels in proteinuric and nonproteinuric patients were higher than those of the controls and they were also significantly higher in the patients with proteinuria compared to patients without proteinuria. The patients had significantly lower plasma glutathione peroxidase activities than the controls. Glutathione peroxidase activities did not show statistically significant differences between the patients with and those without proteinuria. A significant difference was not established for erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activities. These data suggest that there is an increase in lipid peroxidation in familial Mediterranean fever. Decreased plasma glutathione peroxidase activities seem to be responsible for increased plasma malondialdehyde levels in both patient groups. However, the fact that higher plasma malondialdehyde levels in proteinuric patients were observed compared to nonproteinuric patients in the presence of the unchanged plasma glutathione peroxidase activities in these groups suggests that the nephrotic state may have a contribution to this situation.